ABSTRACT
Objetivo: comprender las rupturas biogr??ficas provocadas por la pandemia del COVID-19 en adolescentes y j??venes hombres trans y personas transmasculinas en el contexto de Brasil. M??todo: estudio cualitativo ??? encuesta en l??nea ??? multic??ntrico. Participaron 97 hombres trans y 22 personas transmasculinas autoidentificadas, que respondieron un formulario semiestructurado en dos etapas. Los datos se sometieron al An??lisis de Contenido Tem??tico Reflexivo. La interpretaci??n se realiz?? sobre una base sociol??gica a partir del concepto de ruptura biogr??fica. Resultados: surgieron cinco categor??as: interrupci??n de la terapia hormonal, cirug??as y seguimiento especializado;malestares precipitados por la interrupci??n de las caracter??sticas masculinas, autoimagen, autopercepci??n e identidad;vulnerabilidad por la p??rdida de familiares y seres queridos, empleo y debilitamiento de las redes de apoyo;aparici??n de problemas psicoemocionales, como la p??rdida del sentido de la vida;demandas de atenci??n de enfermer??a y valoraci??n de la vida de adolescentes y j??venes transexuales en el pospandemia. Conclusi??n: las rupturas biogr??ficas provocadas por la pandemia amenazaron las identidades de los hombres trans y personas transmasculinas adolescentes y j??venes, produjeron degradaci??n y discontinuidad de las biograf??as, llev??ndolas a perder el sentido de la vida. Los profesionales de enfermer??a pueden ser estrat??gicos e imprescindibles en la superaci??n de estas amenazas al promover una intervenci??n anticipada.
ABSTRACT
The effective reproduction number, R ( t ) , plays a key role in the study of infectious diseases, indicating the current average number of new infections caused by an infected individual in an epidemic process. Estimation methods for the time evolution of R ( t ) , using incidence data, rely on the generation interval distribution, g(τ), which is usually obtained from empirical data or theoretical studies using simple epidemic models. However, for systems that present heterogeneity, either on the host population or in the expression of the disease, there is a lack of data and of a suitable general methodology to obtain g(τ). In this work, we use mathematical models to bridge this gap. We present a general methodology for obtaining explicit expressions of the reproduction numbers and the generation interval distributions, within and between model sub-compartments provided by an arbitrary compartmental model. Additionally, we present the appropriate expressions to evaluate those reproduction numbers using incidence data. To highlight the relevance of such methodology, we apply it to the spread of COVID-19 in municipalities of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Using two meta-population models, we estimate the reproduction numbers and the contributions of each municipality in the generation of cases in all others.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to map the evidence available in the literature about management and outcomes of postpartum infection by the new coronavirus. Method: scoping review conducted in four electronic sources, following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Data were extracted, analyzed and summarized by four researchers independently. Results: nine of the 188 publications located were reviewed. The evidence, all obtained and published in 2020, was produced in six countries. These publications considered 21 cases of postpartum COVID-19, 15 (71.4%) of which related to severe developments / exacerbation of the disease and six (28.6%) diagnosed after hospital discharge. Conclusion: the mapping points to the occurrence of infection or worsening of the disease in the postpartum period, indicating the need for monitoring of signs and symptoms, diagnostic exploration and accurate treatment and the need for close monitoring of postpartum women diagnosed with COVID-19, whether symptomatic or not. © 2021, Centro de Estudos da Faculdade de Enfermagem da UERJ. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: It investigates the problems related to the informational context in the pandemic scenario, specifically those related to patients with chronic pain, which represent one of the groups vulnerable to COVID-19. This article presents a computational approach based on a web system and mobile application solution for chronic pain, called EPIDOR, capable of contributing to the process of digital transformation in the area. Method: The EPIDOR was developed based on the survey of requirements on chronic pain in the literature of the area, and with medical specialists, who also validated the requirements of the developed system. It is applied, exploratory and bibliographic research. It conducts a case study in a public hospital and a clinic specializing in pain medicine with a sample of patients with chronic pain, who will have recorded their daily pain intensity over a period, its correlation with activities and medication schedule. Results: The EPIDOR system is part of ongoing research and is being implemented in a public hospital and a clinic specialized in pain medicine. It provides support for epidemiological studies of pain in Brazil. These still lack more reliable and robust data on the incidence and prevalence of pain at the national and regional levels, especially in the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: It concludes that the EPIDOR system can contribute to the digital transformation process in the area of chronic pain. The proposed approach can provide an improvement in the quality of life of this group of patients. We emphasize that this group corresponds to more than 30% of the Brazilian population.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Analyze available evidence related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vertical transmission. METHODS: Scoping review, according to the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR. Searches were conducted in five electronic databases to find publications about coronavirus infection and vertical transmission. Data were extracted, analyzed and synthesized by three independent researchers using a descriptive approach. RESULTS: The search resulted in 76 publications. After selective steps, 15 articles - retrospective descriptive or case studies - were analyzed, all in English. In order to track the infection, specimens were collected from neonates through nasal swabs and C-reactive protein from breast milk, cord blood, amniotic fluid, placenta and vaginal secretion was analyzed. A small percentage of neonates tested positive for COVID-19, but these cases were not attributed to vertical transmission. CONCLUSION: Vertical transmission could not be demonstrated. Research protocol registered with the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/fawmv).